The word "dressage" comes from a French term for training. It describes a method of training, rather than a single equestrian sport. Dressage uses gymnastic exercises which have been developed over centuries of use. The United States Dressage Federation (USDF) defines dressage as "classical training".
These exercises consist of a series of movements and figures which have been proven to develop the horse's physique and suppleness and improve his natural gaits. Riders work upward through a training pyramid that includes mastery of six levels: suppleness, rhythm, acceptance of the bridle, impulsion, straightness and collection. The progression from one step to another is logical and achieved over a period of time, and each level builds on the achievements of the previous level.
A manual developed by USDF explains the approach: "Dressage is not a quick fix approach to training, but a means for building a solid foundation which will cause the horse to be strong, supple and a pleasure to ride. Examples of basic-level exercises include figures such as serpentines and circles, movements such as lateral exercises, and transitions such as trot to halt.
As the horse and rider progresses, more difficult gymnastic exercises are introduced into the training program. As a result, the advanced horse becomes an athlete, developing strength, flexibility, and the ability to perform collected and extended gaits with lightness and brilliance."
